on 07-17-2007 5:49 AM
Hi, I am new to SAP SD functional module. Can any one please send any useful information or documents which will explain about the entire process of the SD and how exactly it works.
tanks & regards ,
pandu
Hi
Sent mail please check and reward points if useful.
Regards
hema
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Master Data in Sales and Distribution
Purpose
Sales processing is based on the following basic structures:
Every company is structured in a certain way. In order to work with the SAP System your company structure has to be represented in the system. This is done with the help of various organizational structures.
In sales and distribution, products are sold or sent to business partners or services are performed for them. Data about the products and services as well as about the business partners is the basis for sales processing. Sales processing with the SAP R/3 System requires that the master data has been stored in the system.
In addition to sales and distribution, other departments of the company such as accounting or materials management access the master data. The material master data is stored in a specific structure in order to allow access from these different views.
The processing of business transactions in sales and distribution is based on the master data. In the SAP R/3 System, business transaction are stored in the form of documents. These sales and distribution documents are structured according to certain criteria so that all necessary information in the document is stored in a systematic way.
SD is organized according to sales organization, distribution channel and division. A combination of these three organizational units forms the sales area.
The sales organization is an organizational unit within logistics, that structures the company according to its sales requirements.
Use
A sales organization is responsible for the sale and distribution of goods and services.
The distribution channel represents the channel through which salable materials or services reach customers. Typical distribution channels include wholesale, retail and direct sales.
Use
Within a sales organization a customer can be supplied through several distribution channels. In addition, the material master data relevant for sales, such as prices, minimum order quantity, minimum quantity to be delivered and delivering plant, can differ for each sales organization and distribution channel.
Structure
A single distribution channel can be assigned to one or more sales organizations.
In the SAP R/3 System you can define a division-specific sales organization. Product groups, i.e. divisions, can be defined for a wide-ranging spectrum of products.
For every division you can make customer-specific agreements on, for example, partial deliveries, pricing and terms of payment. Within a division you can carry out statistical analyses or set up separate marketing procedures.
Independent organizational entities, such as shipping points, are responsible for scheduling and processing deliveries to customers, as well as replenishment deliveries to your own warehouses.
A delivery is always carried out by one shipping point only. The shipping point depends on the following criteria:
Delivering plant
Type of shipping (for example, train, truck)
Loading equipment necessary
Loading Point
Shipping points can be subdivided into loading points. For example, ramp 1, ramp 2 and ramp 3 belong to the shipping point Forwarding depot.
The transportation planning point is an organizational unit in Logistics, responsible for planning and processing transportation activities.
It organizes the responsibilities in a company, e.g. according to shipment type, mode of transport or regional departments.
By assigning sales organizations and plants you create a link between company codes and sales organizations. A plant, though always linked to one company code, can be assigned to different sales organizations. Within a company code several sales organizations can be active. Business transactions can also be carried out between different company codes (for example, during inter-company sales processing).
The plants allowed for sales are determined for each sales organization according to the distribution channel, so that a sales organization can sell goods from several plants. A plant can be assigned to different sales organizations. All of these sales organizations can sell from that plant.
You can differentiate further between the plants belonging to a sales organization from the sales view using the distribution channel. For certain plants within a sales organization, the distribution channel "sales from plant" is allowed, but not for others.
Sales Documents
Sales-related business transactions are recorded in the system as sales documents. These are grouped into four categories:
Pre-sales documents: inquiries and quotations
Sales orders
Outline agreements, such as contracts and scheduling agreements
Customer problems and complaints, leading to free-of-charge deliveries and credit memo requests
If your particular business processes require it, you can process deliveries and billing documents directly from a sales document. In addition, some sales documents, such as cash sales and rush orders automatically trigger the creation of subsequent delivery and billing documents.
Document Flow in Sales
The sales documents you create are individual documents but they can also form part of a chain of inter-related documents. For example, you may record a customers telephone inquiry in the system. The customer next requests a quotation, which you then create by referring to the inquiry. The customer later places an order on the basis of the quotation and you create a sales order with reference to the quotation. You ship the goods and bill the customer. After delivery of the goods, the customer claims credit for some damaged goods and you create a free-of-charge delivery with reference to the sales order. The entire chain of documents the inquiry, the quotation, the sales order, the delivery, the invoice, and the subsequent delivery free of charge creates a document flow or history. The flow of data from one document into another reduces manual activity and makes problem resolution easier. Inquiry and quotation management in the Sales Information System help you to plan and control your sales. For more information about how to display the document flow for a particular sales document,
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Link: http://help.sap.com/
Path: SAP Best Practices --> Baseline Packages --> Based on SAP ECC 5.00 --> Select Country: for eg, Localized for India --> Technical Information --> Building Blocks --> Select Country for eg, India --> List of Basic Configuration & scenarios will be listed.
Select the required basic configuration / scenario. These will consist of overview, configuration guide, business process, master data &so on ...........
Regards,
Rajesh Banka
Reward points if helpful.
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SD Configuration:
Enterprise Structure:
1. Maintaining Sales Organization
Sales Organization is an organizational unit responsible for the sale of certain products or services.
IMG -> Enterprise Structure -> Definition -> Sales and Distribution -> Define, copy, delete, check Sales organization
2. Assigning Sales Organization to Company Code
This assignment ensures all the sales made through this Sales Organization are accounted for in the assigned Company Code (Company Code is created by FI Consultant).
IMG -> Enterprise Structure -> Assignment -> Sales and Distribution -> Assign Sales Organziation to Company Code
3. Maintaining Distribution Channel
Distribution Channel is the way, in which Products or Services reach Customers.
IMG -> Enterprise Structure -> Definition -> Sales and Distribution -> Define, copy, delete, check distribution channel
4. Assigning Distribution Channel to Sales Organization
This assignment ensures, a Sales Organization can supply Materials to Customers through this Distribution Channel.
IMG -> Enterprise Structure -> Assignment -> Sales and Distribution > Assign distribution channel to sales organization
5. Maintaining Division
Division is a way of grouping materials, products, or services.
IMG -> Enterprise Structure -> Definition -> Logistics - General -> Define, copy, delete, check division
6. Assigning Division to Sales Organization
IMG -> Enterprise Structure -> Assignment -> Sales and Distribution -> Assign division to sales organization
7. Setting up Sales Area
All the sales are made from a particular sales Area. For creating a Sales Order Sales Area is compulsory.
IMG ->Enterprise Structure -> Assignment -> Sales and Distribution -> Set up sales area
8. Assigning Sales Organization- Distribution Channel- Plant
Plant is created ny MM Consultant.
IMG -> Enterprise Structure -> Assignment -> Sales and Distribution -> Assign sales organization - distribution channel - plant
9. Define Shipping Points
Shipping Point is the Organizational element, which is responsible for shipping the Materials to the Customers.
IMG -> Enterprise Structure -> Definition -> Logistics Execution -> Define, copy, delete, check shipping point
10 Assigning Shipping Point to Plant
This assignment ensures that goods from different Plant can be dispatched from different Shipping Points.
IMG -> Enterprise Structure -> Assignment -> Logistics Execution -> Assign shipping point to plant
Note: Ensure to do the undermentioned configuration also though it is not in Customizing node of Enterprise Structure.
11. Defining Common Distribution Channels for Master Data
Use
The purpose of this activity is to define distribution channels which have common master data..
Procedure
Access the activity using one of the following navigation options:
IMG Menu -> Sales and Distribution -> Master Data -> Define Common Distribution Channels
Transaction Code: VOR1
12. Defining Common Divisions for Master DataUse
The purpose of this activity is to define distribution channels which have common master data..
Procedure
Access the activity using one of the following navigation options:
IMG Menu -> Sales and Distribution -> Master Data -> Define Common Division
Transaction Code: VOR2
Pricing Procedure
In SD, Pricing Procedure is determined based on Sales Area (Sales Organization + Distribution Centre + Division) + Customer Pricing Procedure + Document Pricing Procedure. Sales Area is determined in Sales Order Header Level. Customer Pricing Procedure is determined from Customer Master. Document Pricing Procedure is determined from Sales Document Type / Billing Type (if configured). Once the pricing procedure is determined, Condition records are fetched. If appropriate condition records are found, the price is determined. If Mandatory pricing condition is missing, system will through an error message.
In SD, the steps to configure Pricing procedure are as under:
Step 1:
Condition table: If existing condition table meets the requirement, we need not create a new condition table. Considering the requirement for new condition table, the configuration will be done in spro as follows: IMG --> Sales & Distribution --> Basic Function --> Pricing Control --> Condition Table (select the required fields combination, which will store condition record).
Step 2:
Access Sequence: If existing access sequence meets the requirement, we need not create a new access sequence. Considering the requirement for new sequence, the configuration will be done in spro as follows: IMG --> Sales & Distribution --> Basic Function --> Pricing Control --> Access Sequence (Access sequence is made up of Accesses (Tables) & the order of priority in which it is to be accessed. Here we assign the condition table to access sequence.
Step 3:
Condition Type: If existing condition type meets the requirement, we need not create a new condition type. Considering the requirement for new condition type, the configuration will be done in spro as follows: IMG --> Sales & Distribution --> Basic Function --> Pricing Control --> Condition Type. It is always recommended to copy an existing similar condition type & make the neccessary changes. Here we assign Access sequence to Condition type.
Step 4:
a. Pricing Procedure: It is recommended to copy a similar pricing procedure & make the neccesary changes in new pricing procedure. Pricing Procedure is a set of condition type & arranged in the sequence in which it has to perform the calculation. Considering the requirement for new Pricing Procedure, the configuration will be done in spro as follows: IMG --> Sales & Distribution --> Basic Function --> Pricing Control --> Pricing Procedure --> Maintain Pricing Procedure.
b. Pricing Procedure: After maintaining the pricing procedure the next step will be determination of pricing procedure. Configuration for determining pricing procedure in SPRO is as follows: IMG --> Sales & Distribution --> Basic Function --> Pricing Control --> Pricing Procedure --> Determine Pricing Procedure.
5. Condition record: Condition record is a master data, which is required to be maintained by Core team / person responsible from the client. During new implementation, the condition records can be uploaded using tools like SCAT, LSMW, etc.
Normal Sales Order Cycle:-
Step 1: Sales Document Type
IMG > Sales and Distribution > Sales > Sales Documents >
Sales Document Header:
1. Sales Document Type:The sales document types represent the different business transactions, such as Inquiry, Quotation, Sales Order, etc. To create new sales order type, always copy as with reference to similar sales order. If possible use standard sales order.
2. Define Number Ranges For Sales Documents: Maintain number range with discussion with core team.
3. Assign Sales Area To Sales Document Types:
A. Combine sales organizations / Combine distribution channels / Combine divisions: Ensure to maintain these, else Sales Order creation will give error.
B. Assign sales order types permitted for sales areas: Assign only required Sales Order Types to required Sales Area. This will minimize selection of Sales Order Type as per sales area.
Sales Document Item:
1. Define Item Categories: If possible use Standard Item Category. Incase if required to create new, copy as from standard & maintain New.
2. Assign Item Categories: If possible, use standard. Formula for deriving item category: Sales Document Type + Item Category Group + Usage + Higher Level Item Category = Item Category
Schedule Line:
1. Define Schedule Line Categories: If possible use Standard Schedule Lines. Incase if required to create new, copy as from standard & maintain New.
2. Assign Schedule Line Categories: If possible, use standard. Formula for deriving Schedule Line: Item Category + MRP Type / No MRP Type.
Step 2:
IMG > Logistic Execution > Shipping > Deliveries >
1. Define Delivery Types: If possible use Standard Delivery Type. Incase if required to create new, copy as from standard & maintain New.
2. Define Item Categories for Deliveries: If possible use Standard Item Categories for Delivery Type. Incase if required to create new, copy as from standard & maintain New.
3. Define Number Ranges for Deliveries: Ensure to maintain number range.
Step 3:
IMG > Sales and Distribution > Billing >
1. Define Billing Types: If possible use Standard Billing Type. Incase if required to create new, copy as from standard & maintain New.
2. Define Number Range For Billing Documents: Ensure to maintain number range.
3. Maintain Copying Control For Billing Documents: Maintain relevant copy controls such as Sales Order to Billing, Deliver to Billing, etc.
The configuration differs from scenario to scenario & requirement of the client.
Regards,
Rajesh Banka
Reward point if useful.
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pls update ur email id
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