how can I associate a keyboard key (for example "ENTER") to an action, so that when I hit ENTER key that action (bound to a button) is executed as if I click the button with my mouse cursor.
You may find the "OnEnter" event for the inputField UI element useful. In this event you can define an action that will occur when Enter is pressed in that inputField (usually the same as your Submit button action).
Key bindings are defined by the Unified Rendering which is used by the Web Dynpro HTML client implementation. You can't change them via a Web Dynpro API.
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