Technical Proposal questionnaire on workflow and LDAP

Hi ABAPERS..

I wnt to know some quesions on work flow and LDAP.

1) Explain SAP provided generic functions available to programmatically manipulate workflow items.

2)Detail how interfaceing can be done directly between ERP and LDAP servers (Microsoft Active Directory) without using middle ware(Max 10 Points)

3)Explain SAP provided generic functions available to programmatically manipulate LDAP servers.

I want to know this three answers...If u know give me this anwsers